Building construction



24, 1940;. J. M. WORKMAN 2,215,773

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INVENTIOR ATTORNEY-s Patented Sept. 24, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Original application August 21, 1933, Serial No.

686,183. Divided and this application February 20, 1936, Serial No. 64,952

5 Claims. ((31. 72-15) My invention, or discovery relates to structures and more particularly to a novel theory of design for concrete structures and the application of such designs to the construction of buildings,

dams, bridges and any other structures employing reinforced concrete.

This application is a division of my co-pending application Serial No. 686,183, filed August 21, 1933, for Concrete construction.

The primary object of this invention is to provide a stabilized concrete structure in which the stresses developed therein shall be of a suitable direction and intensity, and combined in such a manner so as to: produce a minimum resultant stress with all compensating movements of the materials employed.

Another object of my invention is to provide a structure of the character designated in which there is produced circumferential rotation about 20 an internal concentric circle.

Another object of my invention is to provide a structure of the character designated in which the rotation of the stresses is primarly of a general master rotation within whichthere is auxil- 25 ia-ry rotation of subdivided circular areas producing circumferential stress bands or areas alternating between compressive stresses in said alternate bands.

Another object of my invention is to provide a 30 structure of the character designated in which the compressive and tensile stresses are connected and reacting upon each other by means of stress whirls (or over-lapping wave stresses) within which the predominant stress at the center of 35 said wave is radially compressive and, circumferentially tensile, and in which the compressive stress is partially progressively deflected through a rotation of substantially 90.

Another object of the invention is to provide a 40 novel form of concrete structure in which the natural rotative tendency of the structure is utilized to prevent general rotation as a whole and produce internal stress band rotation of relatively narrow stress bands in which the predomi- 45 nant stress is radially compressive and circumferentially tensile, with the formation adapted to delay the lateral deflection of said radially compressive stresses into circumferential stress until said stress had reached a predetermined circumferential band position whereat said radial compressive stress becomes predominantly circumferential in direction.

1 A further object of my invention is to provide a novel form of concrete structure of the character designated wherein provision is made for utilization of the rotational stress principles in a centrally supported structure or an externally supported structure, the general principles being identical but with the intensity of stress in its relation to circumferential or peripheral location 5 being reversed.

These and other objects of the invention will be more manifest from the following specification and drawings and more particularly set forth in the claims.

Figure 1 is a plan View; Figure 2 is a half-section, half-elevation; all of a reinforced concrete structural unit as for a floor or roof of a build ing. Figure 3 is a modified form of Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a fragmentary plan view and Figures 5, 6 and 6A are fragmentary sectional views of an elaborated form of the structure disclosed by Figures 1 and 3.

Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10 are corresponding views of a special adaptation of the structure disclosed by the preceding figures.

Fig. 11 is a plan view partially in section of a column embodying the principles of my invention;

Fig. 12 is a view in elevation of the column shown in Fig. 11;

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary view showing a discharge opening;

Fig. 14 is a sectional view on line 'VIVI, Fig.

Fig. 15 is a sectional View on line VII--VII,

Fig. 14;

Figure 16 is a plan view, Figure 17 is a sectional View, Figures 16A and 16B are enlarged detail fragmentary plan views and Figure 18 is a corresponding section, all illustrative of the prein Fig, 23;

Fig. 26 is a modification of the base shown in Fig. 24;

Fig. 27 is a modification of the column shown in Figs. 23 and 25; i

Fig. 28 is an elevational view partially in section of a modified base structure; 

